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Nigerian Courts and the Administration of Criminal Justice: A study of Nsukka Judicial Division
Nigerian Courts and the Administration of
Criminal Justice: A study of Nsukka Judicial
Division
VARIATION AS A TOOL OF AESTHETICS IN OKPOSI, OHAFIA, AND AWKA ORAL NARRATIVES
Oral narrative is one genre of folklore that has constantly generated arguments on the basis of its inconsistencies whenever it is performed by the same performer or different performers at different moments. The causes of oral narrative variation have been attributed to diverse reasons by folklore scholars. Some of the suggested causes are loss of memory on the part of the performers, narrative incompetence, audiences’ desire for a multiplicity of themes (to which the performers yield) and the fluidity of folklore itself to accommodate issues that arise in life (in which case it is considered an essence of the genre). The core purpose of oral narrative variation, however, has been omitted by most of the scholars, which is the performer’s intention to please his audience, his desire to present to them something that is beautiful; in other words, his wish to perform a narrative that has got aesthetic value. To achieve this purpose, the narrator intentionally makes effort not to bore his audience with monotony, but constantly embellishes his narrative with varieties that dazzle his audiences and makes them want to hear the same story over and over again. This is to say that the inconsistencies in his narrative at diverse moments of performance are actually not an indication of incompetence. On the contrary, it is an art that is craftily wielded by a master performer to please his audience and make the moment they spend listening to him worthwhile. This research, therefore, is an attempt to reveal how the oral performer wields variation as a tool to reveal an art that can ‘seize the gaze’ of his audience (Akwanya). To show how this works, this research would do a comparative analysis of variants of three narratives collected from Okposi in Ebonyi state, Awka in Anambra state and Ohafia in Abia state. It would reveal the internal patterns of variation in the narratives based on their events, scenes of action, characters, actions and utterances of the characters.Oral narrative is one genre of folklore that has constantly generated arguments on the basis of its inconsistencies whenever it is performed by the same performer or different performers at different moments. The causes of oral narrative variation have been attributed to diverse reasons by folklore scholars. Some of the suggested causes are loss of memory on the part of the performers, narrative incompetence, audiences’ desire for a multiplicity of themes (to which the performers yield) and the fluidity of folklore itself to accommodate issues that arise in life (in which case it is considered an essence of the genre). The core purpose of oral narrative variation, however, has been omitted by most of the scholars, which is the performer’s intention to please his audience, his desire to present to them something that is beautiful; in other words, his wish to perform a narrative that has got aesthetic value. To achieve this purpose, the narrator intentionally makes effort not to bore his audience with monotony, but constantly embellishes his narrative with varieties that dazzle his audiences and makes them want to hear the same story over and over again. This is to say that the inconsistencies in his narrative at diverse moments of performance are actually not an indication of incompetence. On the contrary, it is an art that is craftily wielded by a master performer to please his audience and make the moment they spend listening to him worthwhile. This research, therefore, is an attempt to reveal how the oral performer wields variation as a tool to reveal an art that can ‘seize the gaze’ of his audience (Akwanya). To show how this works, this research would do a comparative analysis of variants of three narratives collected from Okposi in Ebonyi state, Awka in Anambra state and Ohafia in Abia state. It would reveal the internal patterns of variation in the narratives based on their events, scenes of action, characters, actions and utterances of the characters.
Technological Capabilities of the Small Scale Soymilk Enterprises in Nsukka Urban, M. Sc. Project, Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Technological Capabilities of the Small Scale Soymilk Enterprises in Nsukka Urban, M. Sc. Project, Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND TIV SENTENCE STRUCTURES
This research work is on A Contrastive Analysis of English and Tiv Sentence Structures. The study shows that English and Tiv languages are from different linguistic backgrounds and typologically have areas of differences in their sentence structures. These differences are in the internal composition of the sentence constituents and components and therefore pose learning problems for Tiv learners of English as a second language particularly in the formation of grammatical sentences but have not been given serious and proper scholarly investigation. Using the descriptive research method and tree diagrams (Phrase Markers) and tables to analyse the data collected, the differences and similarities between the English and Tiv sentences are descriptively revealed. The findings of the work show that the major difficulty that Tiv learners of English have is in the subject and object elements formation. While the noun phrases occupying subject and object positions in English take articles and other determiners pre-nominally, Tiv in nearly all cases take them post-nominally or do not use them at all. The nature of some Tiv sentences with implied or no subject and no clear gender dichotomy form part of the problem in the subject and object case formation in Tiv language. Despite the similarities the two languages have particularly in their structural subject-verb-object order in the simple, compound and complex sentences, Tiv learners of English face a lot of challenges posed by the differences above and the types and forms of sentences in English language. In order to overcome the above problems, this study recommends that teachers of English in Tiv domains and beyond should concentrate on the areas of differences in both languages and employ adequate teaching methods and instructional materials to eliminate the mother tongue interference in the Tiv learners use of English as a second language. This research work is on A Contrastive Analysis of English and Tiv Sentence Structures. The study shows that English and Tiv languages are from different linguistic backgrounds and typologically have areas of differences in their sentence structures. These differences are in the internal composition of the sentence constituents and components and therefore pose learning problems for Tiv learners of English as a second language particularly in the formation of grammatical sentences but have not been given serious and proper scholarly investigation. Using the descriptive research method and tree diagrams (Phrase Markers) and tables to analyse the data collected, the differences and similarities between the English and Tiv sentences are descriptively revealed. The findings of the work show that the major difficulty that Tiv learners of English have is in the subject and object elements formation. While the noun phrases occupying subject and object positions in English take articles and other determiners pre-nominally, Tiv in nearly all cases take them post-nominally or do not use them at all. The nature of some Tiv sentences with implied or no subject and no clear gender dichotomy form part of the problem in the subject and object case formation in Tiv language. Despite the similarities the two languages have particularly in their structural subject-verb-object order in the simple, compound and complex sentences, Tiv learners of English face a lot of challenges posed by the differences above and the types and forms of sentences in English language. In order to overcome the above problems, this study recommends that teachers of English in Tiv domains and beyond should concentrate on the areas of differences in both languages and employ adequate teaching methods and instructional materials to eliminate the mother tongue interference in the Tiv learners use of English as a second language.
Human Resources Development and Motivation in the National Electric Power Authority(NEPA) of Nigeria: A Study of the Eastern Zones
This research projeck has attempted to find out the extent of human
resources d e v e m n t and motivathn in the Namat Electric Power
Authority (NEPAJ of Nigeria. It is a shdy of the Eastern (Enugu and Port-
Harcourt) zones.
Since inception in 1972, NEPAS performam is adjudged p r by
many Nigerians. Its electricity gematiq, trammlttiq, and distributing
ability has been epikptic and this has been having adverse consequences
on the nation's sm&mmmk deveiopnent.
The study invdved the ~lse of two major i-m& of data
collection in survey research, qwsWmW~ and interview. The
questionnaire was used to dkt data frwn 973 (abut 30Y0 of the total)
employees of NEPA in the Eastem z m s An in-dept -htervjew of the heads
of administration and pmsmd in tk ones (14 'En a#) was also carried out.
These instrumnts d k k d data fmm the resemh subjecfs on a range of
issues bearing on human resowus ckuelopment and motivation.
Descriptive ?mEaKs - - a d frqumcy tam were used in analyzing the
questionnaire data, while the interview dab wete pmsed qualitatively.
The four h y p t h s of 2lle study mere tested statisticafb with the aid of
Analysis of Varhm (- -A)
~ m o n g t h e s W m d r g s c # t h e ~ ~ d y ~ ~ a i e n t a t i opnwat-n d
orientation mining of staff was b e h srpectltiort given the strategic
importanW of NWA 'bo tt# Niger'an f!mncmy and sodety. It was also
discovered that there uua& stabsticaly, a dispatay in rate of
training technicd and m m t a h i d Wf bo W hew of the btter,
and that staff advanownent afb traWq& was poor. Again, staff motivation
xii
was discwered td be low, espedally with regard financial entitlements,
participatory decisiornnatdng and implementation, and availability of
working materiak/equipnen2. Furttrenmne, R was gathered from the
interviewees that same uNmmd hchm within NEPAS external
environment were a k d y alk%ng iti service delivery. Such factors
include uncontrdted ml -illegal connection, equipment
vandalisation, urn- cxshms' attituk, and underfunding
It was, therefore, amdwled that for perfwmance to improve in
NEPA, staff development and rmbwtm - - must improve to compare
favourably with what o h m i n sane secto~of ttre Nigerian society, and the
negative factors of the external environment must be addressed.
Comparative Analysis of the Job Performance of Extension Professional in Abia and Akwa Ibom States’ Agricultural Development Programmes
The study was designed to make a comparative study on the job performance of
extension professionals in Abia and Akwa Ibom states' ADPs. The study also highlighted
and compared the personal characteristics, organizational confidence, job-related tension,
and coping behaviours of extension professionals in both states' ADPs. All the extension
agents (EAs), block extension agents (BEAs), block extension supervisors (BESs), and
7onal extension officers (ZEOs) in Abia and Akwa Ibom states' ADPs constituted the
population.
Culturally Defined Equity Response and Delay- Outcome Index in the Management of Childhood Fevers Among Mbaise People of Southeastern Nigeria: Implications for Malaria Control in Nigeria
This study examined the impact of culturally defined gender-equity on response
to childhood fevers in Mbaise. A cross-sectional survey of two thousand, three
hundred and eight (2308) fathers and care givers of children (5 5 years), who
experienced fever not more than two weeks preceding the survey was conducted
in two communities in Ezinihitte LGA, lmo State. The main instrument for data
collection was a uniform set of structured interview schedule, administered by
trained research assistants. This was supported by data from focus group
discussion (FGD) with community members and in-depth interviews with
community leaders and health workers.
The analysis of the data showed that rights and responsibilities in
childhood fevers were divided along gender lines. This division is culturally
sanctioned in the communities studied. The Illen monopolized the right to make
decision on the pattern of response to childhood fevers in the household as well as
the allocation of l~ousehold~resou~fo~re tsh' is purpose. On the other hand the
women were saddled with the responsibility of ensuring the execution of the
decisions of the men with respect to seeking help in childhood fevers. The delay
in response to childhood fever differed significantly between the boy-child and
girl-child (ANOI'A = 16.04; P-4.0001). Response was faster when the sex of the
sick child is male. There is a wider variation in health seeking for the girl child,
however this is attributable to the delay in the health seeking for the girl child,
which leads to complications requiring longer treatment and more cost. The
results also showed that the longer the delay the poorer the result of the first
action taken in response to fever in children (~~c/ztm= ~0.e0 11). The boys
improved more after first treatment than the girls (P
APPLICATION OF MARKEDNESS ON JUKUN WORD ORDER. IMPLICATIONS ON THE JUKUN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNER.
Markedness theory holds that certain elements in the linguistic system have an interrelationship that is neither arbitrary nor purely formal but defined by the fact that one element is distinguished from the other through the addition of an extra feature “a mark”. When the distinction is neutralized it’s always the simpler “unmarked” member of the opposition that appears (Asher, 382).
Markedness theory holds that certain elements in the linguistic system have an interrelationship that is neither arbitrary nor purely formal but defined by the fact that one element is distinguished from the other through the addition of an extra feature “a mark”. When the distinction is neutralized it’s always the simpler “unmarked” member of the opposition that appears (Asher, 382).
Linkages in the Agricultural Innovation Transfer Sub-System in Southeastern Nigeria
The study was designed to ascertain the characteristics of government and non-
governmental organization in the agricultural innovation transfer sub-system, {interims of source of funding, technical information,human resource situation,
extension strategies and practices); identify linkage mechanisms, types and
arr~ngementsw ith relevant agencies, identify possible arrangement and strategies for
functional and effective linkages, and determine constraints to linkages among the organizations.
Socio- Economic & Cultural Factors in the Incidence & Prevalence of Water- Borne Diseases Among Riverine Communities of Anambra State
Socio- Economic & Cultural Factors in the Incidence
& Prevalence of Water- Borne Diseases Among Riverine Communities of Anambra State
A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF NOUN FORMATION IN ENGLISH AND IGBO LANGUAGES
This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting the processes of noun formation in both English and Igbo languages. The method of data analysis was contrastive, since this research is a contrastive study of noun formation in English and Igbo. The various rules and processes of noun formation in both languages were identified and classified for the purpose of contrastive studies. In trying to find out the similarities and differences, English and Igbo noun formations were compared so as to postulate the degree of possible interference the Igbo learner will have in learning the English as a second language. The researcher applied marching method of contrastive analysis. It was found that all noun-formation processes are generally rule-governed, but these rules are sometimes very complicated and some processes overlap and interpenetrate each other. General similarities appear in both languages, in borrowing, affixation and compounding. Both languages use prefixes and suffixes in noun-formation. Compounding in English is a very productive process, likewise in Igbo. It was also found that unpredictable formations in English: clipping, acronyms, blending and word-manufacture, are not found in Igbo except for clipping which is found in a few Igbo Christian names. Others are in-fixation and compounding. All compounds in Igbo are semantically endocentric, while English offers four types of semantic compounds. This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting the processes of noun formation in both English and Igbo languages. The method of data analysis was contrastive, since this research is a contrastive study of noun formation in English and Igbo. The various rules and processes of noun formation in both languages were identified and classified for the purpose of contrastive studies. In trying to find out the similarities and differences, English and Igbo noun formations were compared so as to postulate the degree of possible interference the Igbo learner will have in learning the English as a second language. The researcher applied marching method of contrastive analysis. It was found that all noun-formation processes are generally rule-governed, but these rules are sometimes very complicated and some processes overlap and interpenetrate each other. General similarities appear in both languages, in borrowing, affixation and compounding. Both languages use prefixes and suffixes in noun-formation. Compounding in English is a very productive process, likewise in Igbo. It was also found that unpredictable formations in English: clipping, acronyms, blending and word-manufacture, are not found in Igbo except for clipping which is found in a few Igbo Christian names. Others are in-fixation and compounding. All compounds in Igbo are semantically endocentric, while English offers four types of semantic compounds.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPERNATURAL IN ELECHI AMADI’S THE CONCUBINE AND THE GREAT PONDS
This dissertation is a study of the influence of the Supernatural in Elechi Amadi’s The Concubine and The Great Ponds- an x-ray of men and women living in a universe teeming with God, gods, goddesses, spirits, deities, the transcendentals and natural phenomena like sacred animals, birds, hills, and rivers. They all share in the attributes of the supernatural. Unfortunately, man’s vaunted ambition to satiate his quest for the best of everything has always run counter to the dictates of the supernatural, leading as it were, to untold hardships, deaths, and total loss of the gleam. The novels leave us with an enduring lesson that the gods are inscrutable and have a hand in all affairs of the human world. The study reveals that man’s destiny and affairs or existential struggles is dictated and controlled by the supernatural. Furthermore, the study portrays that man is a pawn in the hands of the supernatural. However, man’s conscious effort to counteract his destiny often result in tragedy as exemplified in the novel under study. The theory of myth was adopted to investigate the influence of the supernatural in the affairs of the characters in the two novels as no other literary theory explains the mystery of life and death.This dissertation is a study of the influence of the Supernatural in Elechi Amadi’s The Concubine and The Great Ponds- an x-ray of men and women living in a universe teeming with God, gods, goddesses, spirits, deities, the transcendentals and natural phenomena like sacred animals, birds, hills, and rivers. They all share in the attributes of the supernatural. Unfortunately, man’s vaunted ambition to satiate his quest for the best of everything has always run counter to the dictates of the supernatural, leading as it were, to untold hardships, deaths, and total loss of the gleam. The novels leave us with an enduring lesson that the gods are inscrutable and have a hand in all affairs of the human world. The study reveals that man’s destiny and affairs or existential struggles is dictated and controlled by the supernatural. Furthermore, the study portrays that man is a pawn in the hands of the supernatural. However, man’s conscious effort to counteract his destiny often result in tragedy as exemplified in the novel under study. The theory of myth was adopted to investigate the influence of the supernatural in the affairs of the characters in the two novels as no other literary theory explains the mystery of life and death.
MERGER OF THEME AND STYLE IN CHIMAMANDA ADICHIE’S PURPLE HIBISCUS AND ZAYNAB ALKALI’S THE VIRTUOUS WOMAN
This work is a study of the merger of theme and style in Chimamada Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Zaynab Alkali’s The Virtuous Woman. It is an analysis of how special configuration of language has been used in the realisation of a particular subject matter/theme in the two novels to achieve a specific aesthetic purpose. The linguistic means as applied in the two novels include how, through characterization, the authors were able to bring out themes and stylistically developed them to capture the interest of readers. These linguistic means include linguistic parallelism, syntactic devices, lexical equivalent, violation ofselection restriction rule, and literary devices. These features have combined to produce the aesthetics of the novels under study. In undertaking this study, we have relied on primary and secondary sources. An intensive research in related published works and internet material helped to provide adequate theoretical framework. Adichie’s and Alkali’s lexical selections delivered the message of the novels in spite of the presence of indigenous words. Thus, Adichie and Alkali have established themselves as prolific writers with great aptitude for presenting their socio-cultural themes with amazing flexibility and dexterity. This work is a study of the merger of theme and style in Chimamada Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and Zaynab Alkali’s The Virtuous Woman. It is an analysis of how special configuration of language has been used in the realisation of a particular subject matter/theme in the two novels to achieve a specific aesthetic purpose. The linguistic means as applied in the two novels include how, through characterization, the authors were able to bring out themes and stylistically developed them to capture the interest of readers. These linguistic means include linguistic parallelism, syntactic devices, lexical equivalent, violation ofselection restriction rule, and literary devices. These features have combined to produce the aesthetics of the novels under study. In undertaking this study, we have relied on primary and secondary sources. An intensive research in related published works and internet material helped to provide adequate theoretical framework. Adichie’s and Alkali’s lexical selections delivered the message of the novels in spite of the presence of indigenous words. Thus, Adichie and Alkali have established themselves as prolific writers with great aptitude for presenting their socio-cultural themes with amazing flexibility and dexterity.
Rural Development in Nigeria: An Evaluation of the Performance of the Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructures (DFRRI) in Nkanu L.G.A. of Anambra State
The
( DFRRI
D i r e c t o r a t e of Food, Roads and Rural I n f r a s t r u c t u r e s
which was set up i n February 1986 and Decree 4 of
1987 provided its l e g a l framework was meant t o b r i n g about
comprehensive r u r a l development i n Nigeris. The p o p u l i s t
approach i 1 1 1 p 2 i c i ti n DFHHI: o b j e c t i v e s and t h e lcr rye sums
of money, which has a l t e r n a t i v e uses, committed to DFHHI
p r o j e c t s with t h e aims of a c h i e v i n g - r u r a l development,
demand t h a t an o b j e c t i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e performance of
DFRRI at a micro l e v e l be undertaken,
T h i s study e v a l u a t e d t h e performance of DFRHI i n Nkanu
' Local Government w i t h r e s p e c t to t h e p r o v i s i o n of food,
Roads, w a t e r , etc. . L t a l s o e v a l u a t e d t h e p e r c e p t i o n of DFHHI:
as an agent of development by Nkanu people and t h e d e g r e e to
which they, as b e n e f i c i a r i e s of DFHHI p r o j e c t s , a r e i n v o l v e d
i n , b e n e f i t from or are v i c t i r n s of t h e DFRHI: miracle.
It was found t h a t twenty (20) p r o j e c t s were undertaken
by DFRHI i n Nkanu L.G.A. (14 Road p r o j e c t s , 4 Hand-dug w e l l s
and two A g r i c u l t u r a l Farms). 116.6 km of roads was
c o n s t r u c t e d i n phases 1 an,d 2. These r o a d s a r e n o t motorable
d u r i n g the r a i n y season as a r e s u l t of poor c o n s t r u c t i o n . Two
I,
o u t of f o u r hand-dug w e l l s undertaken by DFRRI a r e f u n c t i o n a l
w h i l e t h e two DFHRI h g r i c u l t u r a ~ farms are overgrown by weeds
due to n e g l e c t , Moreover, p r o j e c t b e n e f i c i a r i e s i n Nkanu
wcr;e not i n v o l v e d , i n identifying, e x e c u t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g
DFHliI p r o j e c t s .
It is t h e c o n c l u s i o n of this s t u d y t h a t khe present
vvtop-downm approach adopted by DFRRI , which merely empowers
bureaucracy, should be de-ernphasised. The peopJe who are
the end-users and t h e a c t u a l beneficiaries should be
involved i n the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n , implementation and maintenance
of DFRRI projects, in view of the p o p u l i s t approach i m p l i c i t i n DFHHL objectives.
