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ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN JOURNALISM PRACTICE IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF RIVERS, BAYELSA AND DELTA STATES
The journalism profession has great impact on the individuals and society at large, hence it is expected that its ethical principles be adhered to and practitioners are to be guided by standards of professional practice that is acceptable globally. Today, the reverse seems to be the case as there is much gap between what is expected and what is practiced. It is on this premise that this study undertakes an evaluation of the ethical challenges facing journalism practice in south-south Nigeria with a focus on three randomly selected states: Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta states. Using the survey research design and the questionnaire as the instrument for collecting data, the study found among 744 journalists that there are discrepancies in the internal and external factors affecting journalism practice in Nigeria. It also found that managerial incompetence poses a great challenge not just to the performance of journalists based on ethical principles but also on the image of the journalism profession. Hence, the researcher recommends amongst others that expert services should be engaged in the evaluation of the journalism in Nigeria with respect to profession standards of ethics and to ensure that the profession is up to date on regular basis to meet the required standard based on professional best practice. The journalism profession has great impact on the individuals and society at large, hence it is expected that its ethical principles be adhered to and practitioners are to be guided by standards of professional practice that is acceptable globally. Today, the reverse seems to be the case as there is much gap between what is expected and what is practiced. It is on this premise that this study undertakes an evaluation of the ethical challenges facing journalism practice in south-south Nigeria with a focus on three randomly selected states: Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta states. Using the survey research design and the questionnaire as the instrument for collecting data, the study found among 744 journalists that there are discrepancies in the internal and external factors affecting journalism practice in Nigeria. It also found that managerial incompetence poses a great challenge not just to the performance of journalists based on ethical principles but also on the image of the journalism profession. Hence, the researcher recommends amongst others that expert services should be engaged in the evaluation of the journalism in Nigeria with respect to profession standards of ethics and to ensure that the profession is up to date on regular basis to meet the required standard based on professional best practice.
EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN ADVERTISING ON CLEAN ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
The growing consciousness on environmental sustainability has made several companies to join the campaign on green living which is the aim of green advertising. It is on this premise that this study undertakes an assessment of green advertising on clean environment in south-south Nigeria. Using the survey and content analysis methods of research, the researcher sampled 291 respondents randomly selected from three south-south states (i.e. Edo, Delta and Rivers States) and also content analyzed green advertising messages on some selected disposable products. The findings reveal among other things that individuals are conscious of having clean environment with or without green advertising messages on products or through the media. In view of this, the researcher recommends among other things that there is need for audience research to ascertain the best approach to creating impact oriented green advertising.The growing consciousness on environmental sustainability has made several companies to join the campaign on green living which is the aim of green advertising. It is on this premise that this study undertakes an assessment of green advertising on clean environment in south-south Nigeria. Using the survey and content analysis methods of research, the researcher sampled 291 respondents randomly selected from three south-south states (i.e. Edo, Delta and Rivers States) and also content analyzed green advertising messages on some selected disposable products. The findings reveal among other things that individuals are conscious of having clean environment with or without green advertising messages on products or through the media. In view of this, the researcher recommends among other things that there is need for audience research to ascertain the best approach to creating impact oriented green advertising.
THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON CUSTOMERS PATRONAGE OF ZENITH BANK PLC, NNEWI
The competitive nature of our capitalist economy has obviously necessitated the application of certain techniques by banks in a bid to sustain customer patronage, remain in business and outwit competitors. Herein lies the substance of relationship as a communication, marketing and public relations technique aimed at sustaining customers’ patronage. On this note therefore, this study among others, examines the influence of relationship marketing in customers’ patronage of banks with focus on Zenith bank Nnewi branch. For the purpose of this study, the survey research design was used to study a representative size of the population total of 371 sample size was studied from a target population of 1,452 which is the population of academic staff of College of Health Sciences Nnewi campus and a target population of 2568 business men of which 200 were studied.Similarly a sample of 6 was purposely selected from a total number of 30 Zenith bank staff of Nnewi branch. Questions designed in the Likert Scale Format was used as major instrument for the collection of data while mean score was used for the analysis of the research data. Findings revealed that zenith bank Nnewi branch regularly carried out various relationship efforts in line with the socio- cultural norms of the people of Nnewi and this has translated to positive influence on patronage by its customers. The study therefore concludes that such relationship marketing efforts underscores why College of Health Sciences Nnewi Campus of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka still retains Zenith bank as their official banks without staff members agitating for a change of bank. The study revealed also that the business men accepted the relationship marketing of the Zenith Bank. Deriving from this therefore, the study recommends that Zenith bank PLC should increase the community social responsibility efforts for a steady long term relationship marketing and patronage in line with the focus of relationship marketing.The competitive nature of our capitalist economy has obviously necessitated the application of certain techniques by banks in a bid to sustain customer patronage, remain in business and outwit competitors. Herein lies the substance of relationship as a communication, marketing and public relations technique aimed at sustaining customers’ patronage. On this note therefore, this study among others, examines the influence of relationship marketing in customers’ patronage of banks with focus on Zenith bank Nnewi branch. For the purpose of this study, the survey research design was used to study a representative size of the population total of 371 sample size was studied from a target population of 1,452 which is the population of academic staff of College of Health Sciences Nnewi campus and a target population of 2568 business men of which 200 were studied.Similarly a sample of 6 was purposely selected from a total number of 30 Zenith bank staff of Nnewi branch. Questions designed in the Likert Scale Format was used as major instrument for the collection of data while mean score was used for the analysis of the research data. Findings revealed that zenith bank Nnewi branch regularly carried out various relationship efforts in line with the socio- cultural norms of the people of Nnewi and this has translated to positive influence on patronage by its customers. The study therefore concludes that such relationship marketing efforts underscores why College of Health Sciences Nnewi Campus of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka still retains Zenith bank as their official banks without staff members agitating for a change of bank. The study revealed also that the business men accepted the relationship marketing of the Zenith Bank. Deriving from this therefore, the study recommends that Zenith bank PLC should increase the community social responsibility efforts for a steady long term relationship marketing and patronage in line with the focus of relationship marketing.
Widowhood Practice in Owerri North L.G.A.: Implications for women Empowerment in Nigeria
Widowhood Practice in Owerri North L.G.A.:
Implications for women Empowerment in
Nigeria
AN ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES OF GSM OPERATORS IN NIGERIA
Studies have revealed divergent views on corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially, with regard to its meaning and the way it is practiced by organisations around the globe. Meanwhile, while a lot of studies have been done to reveal how CSR is understood and practiced in the developed world, not much is known on how companies in the developing countries engage in CSR. It is in view of this fact that this study sought to find out how CSR is understood and practiced in the Nigerian GSM sector. The study went further to find out if GSM users in the South-Eastern part of the country are aware of CSR efforts of the GSM operators. This study met these twin purposes, using the exploratory mixed method design. The study was divided into two phases. Data for the first phase were collected through in-depth interviews of the CSR Managers of the four GSM operators, while questionnaire was used at the 2nd phase to collect data from GSM users (Sample size of 540). Data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The research was based on one theory (Stakeholder Theory) and two models (Carroll’s Four Part CSR Conceptualization Model; and Wood’s CSP Model). The research revealed that GSM operators in Nigeria include the four aspects of CSR stipulated by Carroll – economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic – in their CSR practices. This revelation led the study to conclude that the operators practice a total, mature and interactive CSR in the country. It was also discovered that majority of the respondents have knowledge of the philanthropic and economic CSR initiatives of the operators but lack knowledge of other aspects of CSR they engage in. Meanwhile, the respondents indicated interest in knowing all the CSR efforts of the operators. The study also revealed that knowledge of CSR activities of organisations, positively influence the attitudes of these consumers towards the companies. In view of the findings, the study recommends that the GSM operators should adopt more sophisticated communication strategies that would not only keep all stakeholders informed of their entire CSR efforts but also engage them at the implementation process.Studies have revealed divergent views on corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially, with regard to its meaning and the way it is practiced by organisations around the globe. Meanwhile, while a lot of studies have been done to reveal how CSR is understood and practiced in the developed world, not much is known on how companies in the developing countries engage in CSR. It is in view of this fact that this study sought to find out how CSR is understood and practiced in the Nigerian GSM sector. The study went further to find out if GSM users in the South-Eastern part of the country are aware of CSR efforts of the GSM operators. This study met these twin purposes, using the exploratory mixed method design. The study was divided into two phases. Data for the first phase were collected through in-depth interviews of the CSR Managers of the four GSM operators, while questionnaire was used at the 2nd phase to collect data from GSM users (Sample size of 540). Data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The research was based on one theory (Stakeholder Theory) and two models (Carroll’s Four Part CSR Conceptualization Model; and Wood’s CSP Model). The research revealed that GSM operators in Nigeria include the four aspects of CSR stipulated by Carroll – economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic – in their CSR practices. This revelation led the study to conclude that the operators practice a total, mature and interactive CSR in the country. It was also discovered that majority of the respondents have knowledge of the philanthropic and economic CSR initiatives of the operators but lack knowledge of other aspects of CSR they engage in. Meanwhile, the respondents indicated interest in knowing all the CSR efforts of the operators. The study also revealed that knowledge of CSR activities of organisations, positively influence the attitudes of these consumers towards the companies. In view of the findings, the study recommends that the GSM operators should adopt more sophisticated communication strategies that would not only keep all stakeholders informed of their entire CSR efforts but also engage them at the implementation process.
PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF FEMINIST PORTRAYAL IN CONTEMPORARY ADVERTISING IN NIGERIA
The portrayal of the female in advertising has reached a sophisticated level in an age of mass media and modern technology. The study evaluates the perceptions of the public on the portrayal of female models in contemporary advertisements in Nigeria, the major sources of exposure to these advertisements, the perceptions of consumers regarding the aesthetics of female portrayal and the effects on the marketing of the products. The data for this study was generated from six geopolitical zones in Nigeria using survey method. The study used two instruments; namely, questionnaire and an interview guide with data presented in percentages and numbers. The results showed that the majority (66.3%) of the respondents are adequately exposed to these advertisements where female models are being used as endorsement icons. The study also showed that television has the highest (27.2%) number of respondents that are exposed to advertisements involving female exposure. The study further revealed that 43.7% of the respondents are of the opinion that female portrayals are associated with gender sensitive products and services. Further analysis showed that about one third (36.1%) of the respondents are influenced to a less extent in the sales of products. The result also showed that a good number (42.7%) of the respondents are of the opinion that women are only being portrayed as sex objects in product advertisements. In the case of portrayal of female in advertisements, the result of the hypothesis showed that the perception of Nigerians is dependent on level of education (0.000.05). on the extent of patronage of products and services, the result of the hypothesis showed that the extent to which the portrayal of female in advertising helps to sell the products is dependent on the perception of the consumers (0.00
EVALUATION OF NEWSPAPER COVERAGE OF PINK PEARL FOUNDATION BREAST CANCER CAMPAIGNS IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
Breast cancer as a scourge has become a global issue and its threat has led to a growing consciousness among women who are potential victims. This is why Pink Pearl Foundation (PPF) Breast Cancer Campaigns is undertaking an awareness and attitude change campaign to influence positive behaviour towards its prevention among women. Hence, this study evaluates the effectiveness of Pink Pearl Foundation (PPF) Breast Cancer Campaigns among women in south-south Nigeria. Using the survey and content analysis methods of research, responses were generated from randomly selected respondents, while data were drawn from manifest content of communication of the newspapers as well as responses from women using questionnaire. A sample size of 300 was used for this study. The findings reveal among other things, that there is lack of depth in knowledge about PPF breast cancer campaign and also lack of prominence in newspaper coverage of the phenomenon. Hence, the researcher recommends that journalists should go beyond the normal straight news reporting to giving background and interpretation to health issues of this nature to improve knowledge and engender positive behaviour from readers. Breast cancer as a scourge has become a global issue and its threat has led to a growing consciousness among women who are potential victims. This is why Pink Pearl Foundation (PPF) Breast Cancer Campaigns is undertaking an awareness and attitude change campaign to influence positive behaviour towards its prevention among women. Hence, this study evaluates the effectiveness of Pink Pearl Foundation (PPF) Breast Cancer Campaigns among women in south-south Nigeria. Using the survey and content analysis methods of research, responses were generated from randomly selected respondents, while data were drawn from manifest content of communication of the newspapers as well as responses from women using questionnaire. A sample size of 300 was used for this study. The findings reveal among other things, that there is lack of depth in knowledge about PPF breast cancer campaign and also lack of prominence in newspaper coverage of the phenomenon. Hence, the researcher recommends that journalists should go beyond the normal straight news reporting to giving background and interpretation to health issues of this nature to improve knowledge and engender positive behaviour from readers.
THE INFLUENCE OF BROADCAST MEDIA CAMPAIGNSS ON VESICO VAGINA FISTULA PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
This study evaluates the broadcast media campaigns of vesico vagina fistula on the knowledge, attitude and practice of south-eastern Nigerians. It was anchored on the model known as Health belief model. Using explanatory mixed method in whichQuestionnaire and interview served as the instrument for data collection,the population of the study was drawn from five state capitals in South-East zone in Nigeria, from a ward of each state capital and ward from each local government of the five states, sample size of 342 respondents were selected. From the data collected and analysed, it was revealed thatthe awareness level of the people is 58.6% and the knowledge level of the people is 50% and influence on their attitude and practice is 40%. Though it may be correct tosay that awareness level on VVF is high, it has not made available enough volume of VVF information on the larger populace to influence their knowledge base and by extension their attitude and practice for the better.Based on the results, it is recommended that to help the populace adopt better health seeking behaviours and avoid VVF, campaigns on the need to better understand VVF prevention should be aired more frequently. This will help to sensitize the people on the seriousness of this health condition and prevent them from those practices and attitudes that can cause it.This study evaluates the broadcast media campaigns of vesico vagina fistula on the knowledge, attitude and practice of south-eastern Nigerians. It was anchored on the model known as Health belief model. Using explanatory mixed method in whichQuestionnaire and interview served as the instrument for data collection,the population of the study was drawn from five state capitals in South-East zone in Nigeria, from a ward of each state capital and ward from each local government of the five states, sample size of 342 respondents were selected. From the data collected and analysed, it was revealed thatthe awareness level of the people is 58.6% and the knowledge level of the people is 50% and influence on their attitude and practice is 40%. Though it may be correct tosay that awareness level on VVF is high, it has not made available enough volume of VVF information on the larger populace to influence their knowledge base and by extension their attitude and practice for the better.Based on the results, it is recommended that to help the populace adopt better health seeking behaviours and avoid VVF, campaigns on the need to better understand VVF prevention should be aired more frequently. This will help to sensitize the people on the seriousness of this health condition and prevent them from those practices and attitudes that can cause it.
Development and Standardization of Mathematics Achievement Test Batteries (Matbat) for Primary Four Pupils in Enugu State
Development and Standardization of Mathematics
Achievement Test Batteries (Matbat) for Primary Four Pupils in Enugu State
Socio-economic status and Fertility Behaviour of married couples in Nigeria: A study of Nsukka L. G. A.
Socio-economic status and Fertility Behaviour of
married couples in Nigeria: A study of Nsukka
L. G. A.
Censorship in Traditional Orring Mass Communication.
Censorship in Traditional Orring Mass
Communication.
New Maradun- A Creation Of Sokoto-Rima River Basin Development Authority. An Examination Of The place And Impact Of River Basin Development Authorities On Nigerian Development.
New Maradun- A Creation Of Sokoto-Rima
River Basin Development Authority. An
Examination Of The place And Impact Of
River Basin Development Authorities On
Nigerian Development.
Urbanization and Violent Crimes in Nigeria: A Case Study of Armed Robbery in Enugu Metropolis
Urbanization and Violent Crimes in Nigeria: A Case Study of Armed Robbery in Enugu Metropolis
Labour Conflict in the Nigerian Civil Service 1945 - 1983
Labour Conflict in the Nigerian Civil Service 1945 - 1983
