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Religion and Healthcare Practices: An Examination of Faith Tabernacle Congregation in Okigwe Town, Imo State.
Religion and Healthcare Practices:
An Examination of Faith Tabernacle
Congregation in Okigwe Town, Imo State.
Strategies For Group And Individual Survival In A Multi-Ethnic society (Ethnicity In Nigeria)
Strategies For Group And Individual Survival In A Multi-Ethnic society (Ethnicity In Nigeria)
Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits of Local Chicken Ecotypes Reared in Nsukka in the Derived Savanna
In a study to investigate the usefulness of two ecotypes of local chickens (light ecotype and heavy
ecotype) in chicken breeding programmes in Nigeria, heritability estimates of body weight,
coefficients of simple correlation between growth traits, and genetic correlation between
bodyweight at four weekly intervals were obtained from the 4th to the 20th week of age.
Heritability was estimated using the sire components of variance on the basis bf data obtained in
a one-way layout. 136, 58 and 60 chicks of both sexes raised from a non-inbred and randomly
mating population of the light, heavy and main cross respectively, were used in the investigation.
The chicks were pedigreed from day-old according to sires and raised under a deep litter system
of management from day-old to 20 weeks of age. Fertility percentages of 58.20,48.78, and 36.97
were obtained for the light, heavy and main cross chickens respectively, while hatchability
percent of 47.89, 72.50 and 76.92 were obtained for light, heavy and main cross chickens
respectively. Mean feed efficiency throughout the experimental period were obtained as 0.29 f
0.04, 0.35 f 0.08 and 0.31 f 0.08 for the light, heavy and main cross chickens respectively. A
mean conversion ratio of 3.79 f 0.66, 3.63 _+ 1.002 and 4.69 f 1.48 were calculated for the light,
heavy, and main cross chickens respectively. There were however, no significant (PB0.05)
differences in mean feed consumption, mean feed efficiency and mean feed conversion ratio,
between the 3 groups.
Average body weights of the birds at day-old were 21.82g, 28.06g, 26.30g; at 4 weeks were
95.413, 143.68, 126.72g;at 8weeks were 349.89g, 561.7lg, 458.57g; at 12 weeks were 568.14g,
816.67g, 714.00g; at 16 weeks were 768.858, 1066.67g, 811.54g; and at 20 weeks 931.34g, 1196.67g,
950.00g, for light, heavy and main cross chickens respectively. There were highly significant
differences in average body weights at 0,4,8,12,16 and 20 weeks in all the 3 groups.
Heritability estimates from sire components of variance averaged 0.40, 0.37, and 0.29
between 4 and 20 weeks for the light, heavy and main cross respectively. Based on these estimates it
could be concluded that the body weight at different ages is moderately to highly heritable and as such
could be improved through breeding and selection.
Genetic correlation estimates of body weight between different ages were obtained.
Similarly, coefficients of simple correlation were obtained among some economically important
growth traits, for the 3 groups. Age and body weight at first egg were obtained as 145 days and
940g, 149 days and 1208.33g and 154 days and 1050g for the light, heavy and main cross
chickens respectively. The average weights of first egg were obtained as 30.0g, 35.248 and
31.60g and for the light, heavy and main cross chickens respectively. The experiment indicates
that the heavy local chickens and the main cross performed better in bodyweight, bodyweight at
point of lay, and egg weight over the light local chickens.
METAPHOR AND THE IGBO MASQUERADE: THE EZEAGỤ EXAMPLE
Recently, there is a strong awareness that has been created in the study of African culture, including that of the Igbo. In Ezeagụ, the concept of masquerade is based on the concept of interaction between the living and the dead. In fact, to a good number of people in Ezeagụ Culture Area, the masquerade means a lot of things. The masquerade is metaphorically used in Ezeagụ. That is why every male in the culture area is addressed as masquerade. This work looks at the metaphoric aspects of the masquerade using Ezeagụ as an example. In Ezeagụ, the masquerade is a communal symbol because masquerade performances are taken very seriously by the people. When its performance is successful, the people feel proud and fulfilled, for success is an index of the solidarity and moral health of its people. The masquerade is metaphorical in Ezeagụ when we look at it from the perspectives of physical human attributes, entertainment, and in its behavioural patterns. The masquerade performs a lot of social, religious and security function in Ezeagụ Therefore, we can look at the masquerade and everything about it as a human. It also metaphorically performs spiritual functions and that is why the masquerade is said to be a spirit in the area. But finally, the masquerade in Ezeagụ culture area is neither human nor spirit. The masquerade is metaphor in Ezeagụ.Recently, there is a strong awareness that has been created in the study of African culture, including that of the Igbo. In Ezeagụ, the concept of masquerade is based on the concept of interaction between the living and the dead. In fact, to a good number of people in Ezeagụ Culture Area, the masquerade means a lot of things. The masquerade is metaphorically used in Ezeagụ. That is why every male in the culture area is addressed as masquerade. This work looks at the metaphoric aspects of the masquerade using Ezeagụ as an example. In Ezeagụ, the masquerade is a communal symbol because masquerade performances are taken very seriously by the people. When its performance is successful, the people feel proud and fulfilled, for success is an index of the solidarity and moral health of its people. The masquerade is metaphorical in Ezeagụ when we look at it from the perspectives of physical human attributes, entertainment, and in its behavioural patterns. The masquerade performs a lot of social, religious and security function in Ezeagụ Therefore, we can look at the masquerade and everything about it as a human. It also metaphorically performs spiritual functions and that is why the masquerade is said to be a spirit in the area. But finally, the masquerade in Ezeagụ culture area is neither human nor spirit. The masquerade is metaphor in Ezeagụ.
STRATEGIES OF IGBO ADDRESS SYSTEM: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF GREETINGS AND RHETORIC
The main thrust of this thesis is to account for the strategies of Igbo address system with reference
to greetings and rhetoric through a sociolinguistic study. Native speakers who were selected
through cluster random sampling from seven Igbo speaking areas (Iòs)u¤ikwu¤a¤tq , E¤ziagx,@ Ɛò hx@gbo$,
Ɛò
rq-X@@lqò, Qmx@maò, Xbx¤lx$-U¤@kwu and Iòkwe@re) were interviewed and observed on their use of
greetings and rhetoric in Igbo for the collection of data. Data from secondary sources like
textbooks, journals and internet were also used. In describing greetings and rhetoric in Igbo, the
researcher adopted Hymes’ theory of ethnography of speaking. The investigation reveals that
there are such forms of Igbo address system like appreciative, informative, persuasive and
entertaining. The impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript and memorized modes constitute the
modes of address in Igbo. The research further portrays that setting (place and time), participants,
purpose of speech/writing and norms of interaction are factors that govern the choice of mode of
address, greetings and rhetorical devices in Igbo. The work shows such sociolinguistic
significance of address system in Igbo as being a source of information, entertainment,
conviction, appreciation, advice and a means of warning. It also identifies the different types of
verbal (daily greetings, work-time greetings, greetings for appreciation, consolation etc.) and nonverbal
(handshake, hugging, smiling, raising of eyebrows and waving) greetings in Igbo. Igbo
rhetorical strategies like description, narration, explanation and persuasion are identified in the
work. Igbo rhetoricians are observed to use such rhetorical devices as ‘schemes’ (repetition,
diacope, epizeuxis, assonance, consonance etc.) and ‘tropes’ (simile, metaphor, personification,
onomatopoeia, hyperbole and rhetorical question). The study equally reveals that the
sociolinguistic significance of greetings in Igbo are greetings as mark of respect, conversation
opener and closure, tools for establishing and re-inforcing inter-personal and group relationships
and greetings as means of solidarity while rhetoric as a tool for persuasion and conviction,
embellishment of speech or writing, judgment and expressing the moral and ethics of Igbo society
form its sociolinguistic significance. This study recommends that in order to make our address
successful in communicative acts, such factors as setting, participants, purpose of speech and
norms of interaction should be considered.The main thrust of this thesis is to account for the strategies of Igbo address system with reference
to greetings and rhetoric through a sociolinguistic study. Native speakers who were selected
through cluster random sampling from seven Igbo speaking areas (Iòs)u¤ikwu¤a¤tq , E¤ziagx,@ Ɛò hx@gbo$,
Ɛò
rq-X@@lqò, Qmx@maò, Xbx¤lx$-U¤@kwu and Iòkwe@re) were interviewed and observed on their use of
greetings and rhetoric in Igbo for the collection of data. Data from secondary sources like
textbooks, journals and internet were also used. In describing greetings and rhetoric in Igbo, the
researcher adopted Hymes’ theory of ethnography of speaking. The investigation reveals that
there are such forms of Igbo address system like appreciative, informative, persuasive and
entertaining. The impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript and memorized modes constitute the
modes of address in Igbo. The research further portrays that setting (place and time), participants,
purpose of speech/writing and norms of interaction are factors that govern the choice of mode of
address, greetings and rhetorical devices in Igbo. The work shows such sociolinguistic
significance of address system in Igbo as being a source of information, entertainment,
conviction, appreciation, advice and a means of warning. It also identifies the different types of
verbal (daily greetings, work-time greetings, greetings for appreciation, consolation etc.) and nonverbal
(handshake, hugging, smiling, raising of eyebrows and waving) greetings in Igbo. Igbo
rhetorical strategies like description, narration, explanation and persuasion are identified in the
work. Igbo rhetoricians are observed to use such rhetorical devices as ‘schemes’ (repetition,
diacope, epizeuxis, assonance, consonance etc.) and ‘tropes’ (simile, metaphor, personification,
onomatopoeia, hyperbole and rhetorical question). The study equally reveals that the
sociolinguistic significance of greetings in Igbo are greetings as mark of respect, conversation
opener and closure, tools for establishing and re-inforcing inter-personal and group relationships
and greetings as means of solidarity while rhetoric as a tool for persuasion and conviction,
embellishment of speech or writing, judgment and expressing the moral and ethics of Igbo society
form its sociolinguistic significance. This study recommends that in order to make our address
successful in communicative acts, such factors as setting, participants, purpose of speech and
norms of interaction should be considered.
Studies on the Laying and Eggshell Characteristics of the Domestic Hen.
Eggs were co1Lected Eram 67 Shaver Black, 95 Yaffa and
5 indigenous hens reared from day old to poiat of lay in
the UnLversity of Nigeria poultry farm during their first
75 days in lay in'order to determine their characteristic
sequence lengths, oviposition time distribution, laying
intensity, egg specific gravity, egg weight, shell weight,
percent shell and shell weight per unit surface area, Also
eggs were recovered from 21 Shaver Black, 20 Yaffa, and 4
indigenous hens within the following ?!%day period and blood serum samples obtained jmt prior to egg recovery from the
shell gland in order to determine shell deposition rates and
; serum calcium, magnesium and potassium levels at the various
in utero times.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE NOUN PHRASE IN ENGLISH AND FRENCH
This study examines the structure of noun phrase in English and French.
The main purpose of the study is guided by describing the differences in the structure of a noun phrase in English and French, creating analyses that will facilitate or enhance the research of the independent structures of these languages, exposing researchers to different problems that may arise in the structures of these languages. The study adopts a phrase structure/ structuralism framework.
It finds out that the French Noun Phrase (Groupe de Nom) is head final. It was also discovered that certain part nominal constituent like the prepositional phrase and the subordinate clause can co-occur with the Noun phrase (Groupe de Nom) to the NP (GN. We discovered that the NP(GN)can occur as subject (subjet), object (objet) of the verb and complement of the preposition (complėment de prėposition). All the several thousands of words in human language belong to a highly restricted finite set of word level categories, such as noun (noms), verbs (verbes), objectives (objectifs),adverbs (adverbes), pronouns (pronoms) etc. In practice, it is also possible for the major words level categories to expand onto their corresponding phrase-level categories by the addition of other words. The resultant construction due to the addition of other words to expand a major word-level category is knonw as a phrase.
This study examines the structure of noun phrase in English and French.
The main purpose of the study is guided by describing the differences in the structure of a noun phrase in English and French, creating analyses that will facilitate or enhance the research of the independent structures of these languages, exposing researchers to different problems that may arise in the structures of these languages. The study adopts a phrase structure/ structuralism framework.
It finds out that the French Noun Phrase (Groupe de Nom) is head final. It was also discovered that certain part nominal constituent like the prepositional phrase and the subordinate clause can co-occur with the Noun phrase (Groupe de Nom) to the NP (GN. We discovered that the NP(GN)can occur as subject (subjet), object (objet) of the verb and complement of the preposition (complėment de prėposition). All the several thousands of words in human language belong to a highly restricted finite set of word level categories, such as noun (noms), verbs (verbes), objectives (objectifs),adverbs (adverbes), pronouns (pronoms) etc. In practice, it is also possible for the major words level categories to expand onto their corresponding phrase-level categories by the addition of other words. The resultant construction due to the addition of other words to expand a major word-level category is knonw as a phrase.
LANGUAGE USE IN DIPLOMACY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPRAISAL OF NIGERIA - SOUTH AFRICA DIPLOMACY
This research work appraises the nature of language use in diplomacy especially as it concerns the Nigeria foreign policy as evident in the Nigeria- South Africa diplomatic relations. It traverses into the intricacies of language and diplomacy, highlighting the chain relation that exists therein. By adopting the survey method,the work looks into the sociolinguistic politeness theory as a tool for appraising language use in diplomacy. From the finding of this work, it was discovered that proper language use in diplomacy is germane to the peaceful coexistence between nations. The mucky relationship that existed between Nigeria and South Africa before it was fixed is a product of wrong language use. Hence, it is therefore recommended that politeness strategies more pertinently positive politeness and negative politenesstenets will be better achieved in this case, by applying strictly appropriate language use in diplomacy so as to reinforce a cordial diplomatic relationship between the duo African nations in review. The diplomats should always examine their language before dishing it out in the course of discharging their duties. This research work appraises the nature of language use in diplomacy especially as it concerns the Nigeria foreign policy as evident in the Nigeria- South Africa diplomatic relations. It traverses into the intricacies of language and diplomacy, highlighting the chain relation that exists therein. By adopting the survey method,the work looks into the sociolinguistic politeness theory as a tool for appraising language use in diplomacy. From the finding of this work, it was discovered that proper language use in diplomacy is germane to the peaceful coexistence between nations. The mucky relationship that existed between Nigeria and South Africa before it was fixed is a product of wrong language use. Hence, it is therefore recommended that politeness strategies more pertinently positive politeness and negative politenesstenets will be better achieved in this case, by applying strictly appropriate language use in diplomacy so as to reinforce a cordial diplomatic relationship between the duo African nations in review. The diplomats should always examine their language before dishing it out in the course of discharging their duties.
Nchqcha a bx nke a nabatara na Ngalaba Lingwistiks Igbo na Asxsx Na[jir[a nd[ qzq, Mahadum nke Na[jir[a, Nsxka Nchqcha a bx nke a nabatara na Ngalaba Lingwistiks Igbo na Asxsx Na[jir[a nd[ qz
Asxsx bara ezigbo uru na ndx mmadx. Nke a kpatara qtxtx nd[ qkammxta ji eleba anya n’ihe banyere asxsx iji wepxta xzq d[ iche iche a ga esi wulite ya (Nwaozuzu 2008). Asxsx q bxla nwere usoro e ji mara ya, q bxkwa usoro a ka nd[ nwe ya na agbaso na
mwube xtqasxsx ya. N’ihi nke a edemede Chomsky niile nakwa nkwupxta ya n’edemede nd[ a na-arxtx aka n’xtqasxsx Izugbe. Nkwenye Chomsky (1986‚1988) bx na asxsx bx
onyinye pxrx iche mmadx nwere nke nd[iche ya pxtara n’usoro qmxmx ya. Nke a mere ka Ogbulogo (2001) ji kqwaa xtqasxsx izugbe d[ ka mmube asxsx n’qnqdx Chukwu si
kee asxsx ahx nke na ewepxta usoro ndi a ga agbaso na mwube asxsx ahx. N’ihi nke a‚ a na ahxta xtqasxsx q bxla d[ ka nch[kqta ngabiga d[ iche iche asxsx gabigara. Nke a pxtara na mmxta asxsx ga agbador[r[ xkwx n’ihe si n’xbxrx nke na enye aka na nhazi nakwa
mwube echiche, nke ga enyere any[ aka [mata ma a gbasokwara iwu na ach[ asxsx,
tinyekwara iwu a naagbaso n’odide asxsx ahx a na ekwu maka ya.
Asxsx bara ezigbo uru na ndx mmadx. Nke a kpatara qtxtx nd[ qkammxta ji eleba anya n’ihe banyere asxsx iji wepxta xzq d[ iche iche a ga esi wulite ya (Nwaozuzu 2008). Asxsx q bxla nwere usoro e ji mara ya, q bxkwa usoro a ka nd[ nwe ya na agbaso na
mwube xtqasxsx ya. N’ihi nke a edemede Chomsky niile nakwa nkwupxta ya n’edemede nd[ a na-arxtx aka n’xtqasxsx Izugbe. Nkwenye Chomsky (1986‚1988) bx na asxsx bx
onyinye pxrx iche mmadx nwere nke nd[iche ya pxtara n’usoro qmxmx ya. Nke a mere ka Ogbulogo (2001) ji kqwaa xtqasxsx izugbe d[ ka mmube asxsx n’qnqdx Chukwu si
kee asxsx ahx nke na ewepxta usoro ndi a ga agbaso na mwube asxsx ahx. N’ihi nke a‚ a na ahxta xtqasxsx q bxla d[ ka nch[kqta ngabiga d[ iche iche asxsx gabigara. Nke a pxtara na mmxta asxsx ga agbador[r[ xkwx n’ihe si n’xbxrx nke na enye aka na nhazi nakwa
mwube echiche, nke ga enyere any[ aka [mata ma a gbasokwara iwu na ach[ asxsx,
tinyekwara iwu a naagbaso n’odide asxsx ahx a na ekwu maka ya.
Cowpea Hulls as Potential Feedstuff for Broilers
1'wo experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritive value of cowpea huil (Viana
~nguiculata L Walp) in broiler rations. In experiment 1, one hundred and five (105) 7-dayold
:hicks (one week of stabilisation) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 21 birds with each
group assigned to each of 5 dietary treatment containing 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 per cent cowpea
hulls respectively. There were 3 replicates of 7 birds per replicate per treatment and the
experiment lasted four weeks. The diets were made isocalrsric at about 2,900 kcalME/kg and
;sonitrogenous at 22.5 per cent crude protein.
In Experiment 11, Ninety (90) 5-week old broiler birds from experiment I without
rerandomisation were used and fed diets RI, Rz, R3, lQ and Rs with the same Ievel of inclusion of
cowpea hull as in experiment 1. There were 5 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 6
birds per replicate. The energy Ievel and crude protein content of the diets were about 3,000
kcalME/kg and 20 per cent crude protein respectively.
The parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain. feed conversion ralh (FCR),
Feed costhnit weight gain, Dressing percentage and organ weights were also measured in
Experiment 11.
Results of experiment I showed that feed intake and cost in Wkg gain were not
significantly (P > 0.05) different in any of the dietary treatments. For diets T3, T4 and TS weight
gain and Feed Conversion ratio (FCR) were similar (P > 0.05), but significantly infxior to the
corresponding values in TI and T2 treatments.
In experiment 11, the result showled that feed intake and cost in (Wlkg) gain were
con~parable (P > 0.05) in all the dietary treatments. Diets R1 and R2 were similar (> 0.05)
and better than the other diets in weight gain. These were followed by diets R3, Rf and
R5 which were similar (P > 0.05) and inferior in supporting performance. Birds on diet Rl
had the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.58 while those on Rq and R5 were
comparable (P > 0.05) and had worse feed conversion ratios (FCR) of 3.20 and 3.19
respectively.
The final body weights per bird in diets RI (40.00glday) and R2 (39.28gkiay) were
not significantly different (P > 0.05) but were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than others
on the remaining diets. Birds on diets Rj (35.21glday) were heavier (P z 0.05) than those
on & (29.21gIday) and Rj (29.36glday) which were similar (P > 0.05). Nevertheless,
data on dressed carcass weight (%), Gizzard weight (%), intestinal length (cm) and
kidney weight (%) were statistically not different. Internal organs reveated no
pathological lessions.
The results indicate that seasonally when the prices of other conventional
feedstuff are relative[y cheap (as in this work), the control diets are recommended in
raising broilers. During the off-season the inclusion of cowpea hull at 15 and 20 per cent
in broiler starter and finisher respectively is recommended since they will likely produce
cheaper birds than using purcly conveiltional feedstuffs.
Children Maltreatment Non-Industrialized Countries: A Framework for Analysis
Children Maltreatment Non-Industrialized
Countries: A Framework for Analysis
ASPECTS OF OLUKUMI PHONOLOGY
Olukumi is a Yoruboid language spoken by the Ukwunzu and Ugbodu people of Delta state, Nigeria. Hitherto the study, Arokoyo (2012) superficially described the sound system of the language in comparative study of four Yoruba group of languages. Her analysis however did not account for certain vital aspects of the phonology of the Olukumi language. As such, this study sets out to study those aspects of the phonology of the language that were not adequately accounted for. This research work provides an adequate description of the sound system of the language including tone and syllable structure. It also highlights and describes those assimilatory processes that are evident in the language. Furthermore the study provides adequate description of those processes that affects the syllable structure of the language. Since syllable structure processes converts or deletes tone bearing units (TBUs), the study also highlights some of the tonal processes that take place when TBUs are deleted in the language. Data for this study were collected primarily by means of oral interview of four indigenes of Ukwunzu who have native competence in Olukumi. The Ibadan four hundred word list and a self constructed word list were used to gather primary data from the four respondents. The minimal pair test was used to identify distinctive consonants, vowels and tones in the language. The Sound Pattern of English (SPE) framework propounded by Chomsky and Halle (1965) was used for the analysis of assimilation and syllable structure processes. However, since the SPE framework is not capable of handling non-linear/suprasegmental features, the Autosegmental framework propounded by Goldsmith (1976) was adopted for the analysis of tone and other suprasegmental features. This research shows that contrary to earlier claims, the Olukumi language has twenty-four consonants, nine oral and five nasal vowels, three possible syllable types (two basic syllable V, CV and a third phonological syllable CGV), and two basic tones. Some of the prevalent phonological processes includes: palatalisation, labialisation, nasalisation, nasal spread, nasal stability, vowel harmony, vowel harmony spread, vowel deletion, vowel insertion, consonant deletion and glide formation. Some tonal processes that are prevalent in the language includes: tone deletion, tone stability and tone mobility. Contour tone in this language is a concatenation of the Low and High tone which merge as a result of tone stability. Given that phonology is one of the basic areas of linguistic description, this study serves as a foundation for further research into such areas like syntax, lexicography, morphology documentation and so on.Olukumi is a Yoruboid language spoken by the Ukwunzu and Ugbodu people of Delta state, Nigeria. Hitherto the study, Arokoyo (2012) superficially described the sound system of the language in comparative study of four Yoruba group of languages. Her analysis however did not account for certain vital aspects of the phonology of the Olukumi language. As such, this study sets out to study those aspects of the phonology of the language that were not adequately accounted for. This research work provides an adequate description of the sound system of the language including tone and syllable structure. It also highlights and describes those assimilatory processes that are evident in the language. Furthermore the study provides adequate description of those processes that affects the syllable structure of the language. Since syllable structure processes converts or deletes tone bearing units (TBUs), the study also highlights some of the tonal processes that take place when TBUs are deleted in the language. Data for this study were collected primarily by means of oral interview of four indigenes of Ukwunzu who have native competence in Olukumi. The Ibadan four hundred word list and a self constructed word list were used to gather primary data from the four respondents. The minimal pair test was used to identify distinctive consonants, vowels and tones in the language. The Sound Pattern of English (SPE) framework propounded by Chomsky and Halle (1965) was used for the analysis of assimilation and syllable structure processes. However, since the SPE framework is not capable of handling non-linear/suprasegmental features, the Autosegmental framework propounded by Goldsmith (1976) was adopted for the analysis of tone and other suprasegmental features. This research shows that contrary to earlier claims, the Olukumi language has twenty-four consonants, nine oral and five nasal vowels, three possible syllable types (two basic syllable V, CV and a third phonological syllable CGV), and two basic tones. Some of the prevalent phonological processes includes: palatalisation, labialisation, nasalisation, nasal spread, nasal stability, vowel harmony, vowel harmony spread, vowel deletion, vowel insertion, consonant deletion and glide formation. Some tonal processes that are prevalent in the language includes: tone deletion, tone stability and tone mobility. Contour tone in this language is a concatenation of the Low and High tone which merge as a result of tone stability. Given that phonology is one of the basic areas of linguistic description, this study serves as a foundation for further research into such areas like syntax, lexicography, morphology documentation and so on.
Agricultural Child Labour in Nigerian a Case Study of Anambra State
Agricultural Child Labour in Nigerian a Case
Study of Anambra State
COGNITIVE DOMAINS OF THE SENSE RELATION OF SELECTED IGBO VERBS
The problem of the number of senses in an Igbo verb has remained topical in Igbo syntax and semantics. The structuralist and generative analysis of the Igbo verbs that dominated previous studies neglected the study of individual lexical meanings in favour of the compositional semantic structure of larger phrasal and sentential units. Furthermore, polysemy and sense of polysemous words were insufficiently treated in formal semantics. Therefore, it could be said that the sense relations and cognitive domains of the Igbo verbs in relation to the structures formed in context were outside the focus of previous works. The main aim of this research work, therefore, is to explore the cognitive domains of the sense relation of two Igbo perception verbs hụ́ and nụ́ in contexts using the polysemy analysis of lexical semantics. The study adopts the descriptive research method. The work used appraisal instrument to examine two Igbo literary works: Ihe Aghasaa, the Igbo translation of the novel Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe and Jụọ Obinna, written by Tony Ubesie, by identifying the semantic vagaries of the verbs hụ́ and nụ́ in the Igbo literary works. The method of data collection is through concordance using the e-logon software. The result from the data analysis shows that the verbs are polysemous with six and four meanings respectively as single morphemes and seven and four senses as inherent complement verbs (ICV). Furthermore, translation has effect on the lexical uses of hụ́ and nụ́ in the novels. Finally, the result got in relation to image schemata of hụ́ and nụ́ shows that they do not only encode the acquisition of sense data through the eyes, ears, nose and tongue; rather, through radial categorization, they embody semantic extension from physical perception to mental cognition.The problem of the number of senses in an Igbo verb has remained topical in Igbo syntax and semantics. The structuralist and generative analysis of the Igbo verbs that dominated previous studies neglected the study of individual lexical meanings in favour of the compositional semantic structure of larger phrasal and sentential units. Furthermore, polysemy and sense of polysemous words were insufficiently treated in formal semantics. Therefore, it could be said that the sense relations and cognitive domains of the Igbo verbs in relation to the structures formed in context were outside the focus of previous works. The main aim of this research work, therefore, is to explore the cognitive domains of the sense relation of two Igbo perception verbs hụ́ and nụ́ in contexts using the polysemy analysis of lexical semantics. The study adopts the descriptive research method. The work used appraisal instrument to examine two Igbo literary works: Ihe Aghasaa, the Igbo translation of the novel Things Fall Apart, written by Chinua Achebe and Jụọ Obinna, written by Tony Ubesie, by identifying the semantic vagaries of the verbs hụ́ and nụ́ in the Igbo literary works. The method of data collection is through concordance using the e-logon software. The result from the data analysis shows that the verbs are polysemous with six and four meanings respectively as single morphemes and seven and four senses as inherent complement verbs (ICV). Furthermore, translation has effect on the lexical uses of hụ́ and nụ́ in the novels. Finally, the result got in relation to image schemata of hụ́ and nụ́ shows that they do not only encode the acquisition of sense data through the eyes, ears, nose and tongue; rather, through radial categorization, they embody semantic extension from physical perception to mental cognition.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SEGMENTAL PHONEMES AND PHONOTACTICS OF IGBO AND YORUBA
This study is a contrastive analysis of segmental phonemes and phonotactics of Igbo and Yoruba. Contrastive analysis is an important tool which applied linguistics uses to find out the similarities and differences between the L1 ¬and TL and to predict areas of difficulty that the learner will encounter learning the alternate language. The study was carried out by identifying the segmental phonemes and phonotactics in both languages. Descriptive method was adopted, relevant data on the phonology of the two languages were gathered and thereafter analyzed within the framework of contrastive analysis before making predictions and conclusions. Findings show several areas that may constitute learning problems for the Igbo learner of Yoruba and Yoruba learner of Igbo. The absence of these Igbo consonantal phonemes /p, kw, gw, , , w, t, v, z, / in Yoruba will pose learning problems to the Yoruba learner of Igbo. Therefore, since the Igbo language has a greater number of consonants than Yoruba, the Igbo learner will have less difficulty in the study of the consonants. The nasalized vowels of Yoruba and some aspects of the Yoruba phonotactics will constitute areas of difficulty for the Igbo learner of Yoruba. The absence of these nasalized vowels of Yoruba // in Igbo will pose a great learning problem for the Igbo learner of Yoruba. After the descriptions and comparisons, predictions were made. These will help the curriculum planners, text book writers and teachers to solve some of the language learning problems.This study is a contrastive analysis of segmental phonemes and phonotactics of Igbo and Yoruba. Contrastive analysis is an important tool which applied linguistics uses to find out the similarities and differences between the L1 ¬and TL and to predict areas of difficulty that the learner will encounter learning the alternate language. The study was carried out by identifying the segmental phonemes and phonotactics in both languages. Descriptive method was adopted, relevant data on the phonology of the two languages were gathered and thereafter analyzed within the framework of contrastive analysis before making predictions and conclusions. Findings show several areas that may constitute learning problems for the Igbo learner of Yoruba and Yoruba learner of Igbo. The absence of these Igbo consonantal phonemes /p, kw, gw, , , w, t, v, z, / in Yoruba will pose learning problems to the Yoruba learner of Igbo. Therefore, since the Igbo language has a greater number of consonants than Yoruba, the Igbo learner will have less difficulty in the study of the consonants. The nasalized vowels of Yoruba and some aspects of the Yoruba phonotactics will constitute areas of difficulty for the Igbo learner of Yoruba. The absence of these nasalized vowels of Yoruba // in Igbo will pose a great learning problem for the Igbo learner of Yoruba. After the descriptions and comparisons, predictions were made. These will help the curriculum planners, text book writers and teachers to solve some of the language learning problems.
